OCLC Newsletter

              (
In this issue ...
German Library Institute
and OCLC sign accord. Page 3.
Users Council focuses on in­ternational
networking at its
fall nweting. Summary appears
on page 4. In-depth coverage
begins on page 15.
Tamkang University Library,
Taipei, becomesfirstOCLCpar-.
ticipant in Asia. Page 4.
Universidad de Costa Rica
acquires LS/2000 local library
system. Page 3.
Academic librarians to ad­vise
OCLC. Page 6.
AMIGOS, MINITEX and OCLC
team up to make the Minnesota
Union List of Serials more
widely available. Page 5.
OCLC loads NIM CATLINE
records. Page 5.
New OCLC Video Magazine
available on ILL. Page 19.
Complete table of contents on
page2.
Hugh Atkinson, distinguished
librarian, dies at 52
Hugh Craig Atkinson. University Ubrarian
and Professor of Library Administration at the
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,
died October 24 in Urbana-Champaign. He
was 52.
For ten years he had directed the Univer­sity
of Illinois Library. the largest library west
of the Potomac River and the nation's largest
public university library.
Mr. Atkinson was a member of the OCLC
Board of Trustees. The OCLC Users Council,
a 6o-delegate body, had first elected him to
the Board in 1978 to a four-year term. In 1982
the Users Council again elected Mr. Atkinson
to the Board, this time for a six-year term. He
had served continuously on the Users Coun­cil
as a delegate from ILLINET since the Coun­cil
was established in 1977.
Eye Patch, Motorcycle
Mr. Atkinson was easily distinguishable
with his black eye patch, cowboy boots and
a fondness for motorcycles. He frequently
rode his motorcycle roundtrip from Urbana­Champaign
to Dublin, Ohio, for Board and
Users Council Meetings.
A nationally recognized leader in librarian­ship
and higher education, Mr. Atkinson was
a champion of free access to information. The
Chronicle of Higher Education recently
quoted from Mr. Atkinson's remarks at a con­ference
on information resources for the
campus of the future in)une of this year: "Li­braries
collect things for the people who are
outside the 'in group.' Information is too im­portant
to be left in the hands of those who
discover it."
Computerized University Libraries
Mr. Atkinson presided over the computer­ization
of the University of Illinois Library's
card catalog, the construction of a $6.7 mil­lion
"Sixth Stack" addition, and most re­cently,
the acquisition of the Library's 7-
millionth volume.
"I think Hugh Atkinson was the best uni­versity
librarian in the country,'' said Thomas
E. Everhart, Chancellor of the Urbana­Champaign
campus. "Certainly he was the
best I knew of.''
"We will miss him not only for his leader­ship
of the library, but for his sensitivity to hu­man
beings, which stood him and the campus
in very good stead.''
Doris Brown, Director of Libraries, DePaul
University, and President of the OCLC Users
Council, said: ''Hugh Atkinson was one of the
foremost leaders of library development in
Illinois, and his philosophy of library access
for all made the University of Illinois Library
collections a resource open to the entire state.
He served as a model for many of us who re­spected
his ability to clearly and quickly ana­lyze
complex library issues. This same analy­sis,
often presented with a note of humor, was
evident in all his OCLC activities, both in
ILLINET and on OCLC Users Council. Hugh
was a wonderful person, and I feel fortunate
to have known him."
Mr. Atkinson served on the lll.INET /OCLC
Steering Committee, which comprises five
members elected by some 250 library direc­tors
in Illinois whose institutions participate
in OCLC through ILLINET. The Committee
acts as an advisory group to the Illinois State
Library in policy and price structure recom­mendations.
(continued on page 2)
2 OCLC NEWSLETTER November 1986
Hugh Atkinson, distinguished
librarian, dies at 52
(continued from page I)
News of Death Broadcast to Membershlp
On October 27, the OCLC Online System
broadcast the following message to 7,500
users in 6,000 institutions in the United States
and 16 other countries:
The Board, management and staff of
OCLC wish to express their deep sorrow
for the sudden and untimely death of their
friend and colleague, Hugh Atkinson. Mr.
Atkinson, University Librarian of the Uni­versity
of Ulinois, Urbana-Champaign, was
elected to the OCLC Board by the Users
Council at its first election in 1978 and
senred as a trustee until his death. His in­dependent
and clear thinking, his con­stancy
in promoting the rights of his fel­low
librarians and library users, and his
common-sense approach to the complex
issues they and OCLC face were among the
most valued traits Mr. Atkinson brought to
us. His wisdom and counsel will be much
missed by OCLC and by the library world,
but most especially by those of us who
knew him and were privileged to work
with him.
"I know that I speak for the Board and
OCLC management when I express my regret
at the loss of so wise a counsel,'' said OCLC
President Rowland Brown.
Automation Pioneer
Before moving to Illinois in 1976, Mr.
Atkinson was Director of Libraries at The
Ohio State University from 1971 to 1976. He
led the development and introduction there
of LCS (Library Control System), which was
one of the earliest computerized catalogs in
a large university library. He joined Ohio State
German Library Institute and OCLC sign
accord. Page 3.
Universidad de Costa Rica acquires
I.S/2000 system. Page 3.
New Users Council Executive Committee
takes office. Page 4.
Users Council focuses on international net­working
at its fall meeting. Summary ap­pears
on page 4. In-depth coverage begins on
page 15.
Tamkang University, Taiwan, goes on­line.
Page 4.
AMIGOS, MJNITEX and OCLC team up to
make the Minnesota Union Lists of Serials
more widely available. Page 5.
OCLC loads CATLINE records from the Na­tional
Library of Medicine. Page 5.
Academic librarians to advise OCLC.
Page 6.
Group Access Capability gets bigger and
better. Page 7.
in 1967 as assistant professor of library ad­ministration
and assistant director for public
services.
Chicago Native
Born in Chicago on November 27, 1933,
Mr. Atkinson attended St. Benedict's College,
where he studied accounting and worked for
Lawrence Scudder and Co. as a junior accoun­tant
from 1951 to 1956. He also studied En­glish
at the University of Chicago, and in 1959
received a master's degree from that institu­tion's
Graduate Library School. While in
graduate school, he worked as an assistant in
rare books at the University of Chicago Li­brary.
Mr. Afkinson worked as reader's services li­brarian
at Pennsylvania Military College from
1958 to 1961, then moved to the State Uni­versity
of New York at Buffalo. There, he was
head of the reference department, 1961-64;
acting assistant director of health sciences li­braries,
1966-7; and assistant director of li­braries,
technical services, 1964-67.
He was a member of the Board of Trustees
of the Association of Research Libraries, a
member of the editorial board of the journal
of Library Administration, and was active in
a number of other professional library organi­zations.
From 1973 to 1976, Mr. Atkinson served
as Chairman of the Direct Borrowing Com­mittee
of OCLC when it was known as the
Ohio College Library Center. From 1973 to
1976 he served as a member of the Advisory
Committee for Research in Information Sci­ence,
the Ohio Project for Research in Infor­mation
Science.
Writer and Editor
Mr. Atkinson was an author and editor in
both librarianship and American literature.
Among his recent publications were "Auto­mation
in Austerity,'' a chapter in the 1984
Contents
Wayne State University Libraries will
use OCLC Microcon Service to convert nearly
half a million bibliographic records. Page 8.
Vanderbilt University tests OCLC­developed
CD-ROM reference package.
Page 8.
73 percent of OCLC members own
microcomputers, according to new OCLC
survey. Page 9.
OCLC's Research Advisory Committee
meets. Page 9.
Users should start planning now for their
future workstation needs. Page 10.
Public Library Association receives grant
from OCLC to assist in development project.
Page 11.
First annual review ofOCLC research ac­tivities
is mailed to the membership.
Page 11.
book, Austerity Management in Academic
Libraries,· "Centralized Library Collections: A
Brief for the Other Side" in the journal of Ac­ademic
Librarianship, and a series of (
columns in the Library journal series on ,_
technology, change and people. -
In 1970, he was author of the U. S. Depart­ment
of Health, Education Welfare Report,
"Optimum Speed of Library Access as Related
to Optimum Size Library Collections.'' In
1974 he was a contributing author to Ad­vances
in Librarianship.
With Joseph Katz and Richard Ploch he
edited Twenty-One Letters from Hart Crane
to George Bryan (1968), and with William
\Vhite he edited Theodore Dreiser, A Check­list
(1971). He also compiled The Merrill
Checklist of Theodore Dreiser (1969).
From 1971-78 Mr. Atkinson was a contrib­uting
editor and compiler of the Bowker An­nual
of Library and Book Trade Informa­tion,
16th-23rd editions.
He was a Trustee of the Interuniversity
Communications Council, 1976-79.
In 1974-75 he was president of the Univer­sity
of Chicago Graduate Library School
Alumni Association.
He was a member of the American Library
Association, the Illinois Library Association,
and the American Association of University
Professors.
Survivors
Mr. Atkinson is survived by his wife, Mary; (
two daughers, Mary Atkinson Tierney and
Anne Atkinson Pierce, both of Urbana; a son,
George Craig Atkinson of Urbana; his father,
Craig Atkinson of Urbana; a brother, two sis­ters,
and three grandchildren.
Memorials may be made to the University
of Illinois Foundation's Hugh C. Atkinson
Memorial Fund for the Library, the American
Cancer Society or the American Lung Associ­ation.
QK350 system: update on field test.
Page 12.
East Asian librarians describe their ex­periences
with OCLC CJK350 system.
Page 13.
Dial Access to OCLC moves to CompUServe.
Page 14.
University of Connecticut Health Center
Library acquires LS/2000. Page 14.
In-depth report of Users Council Meeting.
Page 15.
OCLC issues 1985186 annual report.
Page 18.
OCLC LINK is new name for intelligent
gateway. Page 19.
uOCLC Report,, a new video magazine,
premiers. Page 19. (
I
'
c
OCLC NEWSLETTER November 1986 3
The German Library Institute
and OCLC sign an accord to explore
international library cooperation
Libraries throughout the Federal Republic
of Germany, the United States and other
countries in Europe may have a unique oppor­tunity
to exchange bibliographic data as a
result of an arrangement between the German
Library Institute in Berlin and OCLC.
The Deutsches Bibliotheksinstitut (The Ger­man
Library Institute) has entered into an ac­cord
with OCLC to explore ways in which
both organizations may reduce effort and the
libraries' unit cost of cataloging by building
national databases that may be shared inter­nationally.
The parties to the accord will seek
to overcome technological barriers to such ef­forts
by arranging for access to each other's
data, software, research, and systems.
Research Libraries
During the current phase of the accord,
seven research libraries of the Federal Repub­lic
of Germany have been selected by the
Deutsches Bibliotheksinstitut to participate in
the evaluation of the OCLC database. The par­tidpants
include: The State Ubrary of Prussian
Culture, the University Library of the Free
University of Berlin, the University Library of
'he Technical University of Berlin, the Univer­sity
Library of Dusseldorf, the University Li­brary
of Heidelberg, the University Library of
Tubingen, and the University Library of Essen.
Samples from each library's catalog will be
searched in the OCLC database to determine
if the bibliographic data found will be useful
as a secondary source of bibliographic data to
the German library and information conunu­nity.
A similar evaluation will be conducted
by OCLC, in association with a number of its
U.S. member libraries, accessing the serials and
monographs union ftles maintained at the
Deutsches Bibliotheksinstitut. The German Li­brary
Institute is carrying out this test in close
cooperation with the State Library of the Pros­sian
Cultural Foundation in Berlin.
Institute Director's Statement
Professor Gunter Beyersdorff, Director,
Deutsches Bibliotheksinstitut, made the fol­lowing
statement regarding the accord with
OCLC
"The retrospective conversion of library cata­logs
is of universal interest. It is a panicular in­terest
of the Deutsches Bibliotheksinstitut and
the libraries of the Feder;U Republic which it
serves. The machine-readable union Catalogs
maintained by the Institute serve as a source for
retrospective conversion for libraries. These
databases are constantly growing and will in­crease
in value significantly with access to the
OCLC database.
"The Deutsches Bibliotheksinstitut has
decided to collaborate with OCLC because of
the richness of its database and the comprehen-siveness
of its coverage. OCLC has developed
an extensive range of access options which en­sure
that data retrieved is both timely and cost
effective. OCLC leads in the application of new
technology to serve the library community
world-wide. OCLC is the only international
library cooperative which has a competent
branch in Europe which can effectively support
collaboration."
OCLC Statement
Rowland C. W. Brown, President and Chief
Executive Officer, OCLC, stated:
"We welcome this milestone in co-operative
exploration on the part of these institutions.
While the current OCLC database is the premier
international bibliographic resource providing
immediate benefit in cost containment for those
institutions worldwide faced with the conver­sion
of their print catalogs to machine reada­ble
form, our goal is ultimately to enrich sub­stantially
this unique database of records and
holdings for access by librarians and library
users alike to significant collections in the
United States and West Germany as well asw
the collections of institutions in other countries
around the world that are engaging in similar
efforts with OCLC. We believe this accord is
one more step, and a highly important one,
toward international collaboration and resource
sharing.''
History of the Institute
The Deutsches Bibliotheksinstitut was
founded in October 1978 as an institution in­corporated
under public law. Its duties are to
provide supraregional services for libraries
and to carry out research and development in
the field of librarianship. The Institute was
formed by incorporating two existing institu­tions:
the Arbeitsstelle fur Bibliothekstechnik
(Office for Library Technical Services) and the
Arbeitsstelle fur das Bibliothekswesen (Office
for Libratianship). The Institute is linanced by
the federal states and by the federal govern­ment
of Germany.
Two National Databases
Two national databases, one for serials, the
other for monographs, are managed by the
Deutsches Bibliotheksinstitut. The Zeit­schriftendatenbank
(ZDB, Serials Database),
which is being produced in cooperation with
the State Library of the Prussian Cultural
Foundation, is accessed online by over 40 li­braries.
The serials database comprises
430,000 titles, with over one million holdings
of more than 1,000 libraries. This catalog is
also issued twice a year on microfiche. The
most recently developed national database is
of monographs. This database comprises
about 4 million titles. It is available on micro­fiche
and will be available online in falll986.
Both databases are supported by an author­ity
file of approximately 250,000 entries (the
Gemeinsame Korperschaftsdatei, GKD).
Universidad de Costa Rica
acquires LS/2000
I.S/2000, OCLC's standalone, minicomputer­based
local library system will be the fU"St au­tomated
library system of any type in Central
America.
The Universidad de Costa Rica-the largest
educational institution in the country, with
nearly 30,000 students enrolled-will take de­livery
of the system in December.
Initially, the school will use a Data General
MV/4,000 minicomputer with 20 terminals to
support LS/2000. OCLC will supply the soft­ware,
terminals, printers, training and docu­mentation,
as well as software maintenance.
Dr. Adtian Araya Marin, Director of the
Subsistema de Bibliotecas, Documentaci6n e
Informaci6n, Universidad de Costa Rica, said
LS/2000 will provide the opportunity to im­prove
library services with the aid of an inte­grated
approach to library automation needs.
"We found that I.S/2000 represents a cost­effective
solution to solve our library automa­tion
requirements," Dr. Marin said. "Addi­tionally,
we are confident we will implement
a successful library program for we will
benefit from the excellent experience and sup­port
of OCLC."
OCLC now supports 85 I.S/2000 computer
installations serving 149 libraries throughout
the United States, the United Kingdom, and
Latin America.
4 OCLC NEWSLETTER November 1986
OCLC Users Council studies
international networking
at fall meeting
c
The OCLC Users Council focused on inter­national
networking and the creation of an in­ternational
database at its fall meeting in Co­lumbus,
Ohio, September 21-23, 1986.
Speakers included: Henriette A vram, Assis­tant
Librarian of Congress for Processing Setv­ices,
who described ''National Library Data­bases
Abroad;" Robert Donati, Director, Field
Operations, DIALOG, who discussed ''Inter­national
Information Databases;'' Glyn Evans,
Director, SUNY /OCLC, who gave a "Review
of IFLA Issues;'' and Rowland Brown, Presi­dent,
OCLC, who spoke on "OCLC Interna­tional."
Barriers to international networking,
such as lack of standardization, language
differences, and transborder dataflow prob­lems,
were discussed.
The 60-delegate Users Council also heard
a report by Thomas Michalak, Director of Uni­versity
Libraries, Carnegie Mellon University,
and William Arms, Vice President of Compu­ter
and Information Services, Carnegie Mellon
University, on the recent conference ''Infor­mation
Resources for the Campus of the Fu­ture"
sponsored by the Higher Education
Policy Advisory Conunirtee to OCLC and the
Johnson Foundation.
The Users Council adopted two resolutions:
(1) establishing a joint task force with repre­sentatives
from Users Council, the OCLC
Board of Trustees, OCLC management, and
Network Directors to identify members' ex­pectations
for network support and training
and define services and products that must be
provided by networks; and, (2) urging OCLC
Users Council Executive Committee: (left to right) Drew Racine, Dilys Morris, Ronald
Leach, Doris Brown, and Ralph Russell.
to continue its international operations, work
with LC on international strategies, and ask~
ing that Users Council have an opportunity to
review OCLC's international plans and their
financial implications.
Users Council officers for 1986/87 are:
President, Doris Brown, Director, DePaul Uni­versity
Library (ILLINET); Vice President/Presi­deot
Elect, Ralph Russell, University Librarian,
Georgia State University (SOLINET); Delegates­at-
latge, Ronald Leach, Dean of Libraries,
Indiana State University (INCOLSA); Dilys
Morris, Assistant Director for Technical Senr­ices,
Iowa State University Library (BCR); and .
Drew Racine, Assistant Director for TechnicaY
Services, University of Missouri-Columbia\
(MLNC).
The OCLC Users Council consists of 60
delegates from the more than 6,000 institu­tions
that are members of OCLC, the library
computer service and research organization
based in Dublin, Ohio. The Council advises
OCLC on policy issues and elects six trustees
to the OCLC Board.
First OCLC participant
in Asia goes online
A happy moment. Tamkang University
Library, Taiwan, signed an agreement to
become OCLC' s irrst participant in Asia,
onjune 24, 1986, and was connected to
the OCLC Online System through dial ac­cess
the next day. Seated in front of the
terminal is Dr. Shih-Hsion Huang, Li­brary
Director, and standing right be­hind
the tenninal (far right) is the Assis­tant
Library Director Ms. Hong-Chu
Huang with their library staff. There are
four OCLC users in Taiwan. The other
three are National Central Library, Na­tional
Taiwan University Library, and
Tamkang University Department of
Educational Media Science.
OCLC NEWSLETTER November 1986 5
i
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Minnesota Union List of Serials to be
converted for availability via OCLC
AMIGOS, MINITEX and OCLC have en­tered
into an agreement that will make avail­able
in the OCLC Online System union listing
information for an estimated 270,000 hold­ings
records for serials held by libraries in Min­nesota,
South Dakota and North Dakota.
The project, which was awarded to AMIGOS
and OCLC following a competitive bidding
process, involves: 1) the conversion of the
MULS machine readable files into the OCLC
Union Listing component; 2) the conversion
to machine readable form by AMIGOS of
MULS paper files; and 3) management by
MINITEX of current MULS serials holdings in­formation
via the OCLC Serials Union Listing
service.
National Implications
"The MULS conversion is a regional proj­ect
with national implications," said Rowland
Brown, President of OCLC. "The collabora­tion
of AMIGOS, MINITEX and OCLC will in­crease
the availability of serials holdings infor­mation
_not only for MULS participants, but for
the international library conununity as well."
In the first part of the project, OCLC will
process and load into the OCLC database the
(
-·'machine readable records from files of the
, MULS bibliogeaphic records and holding rec­ords.
Loading will begin in early 1987.
MULS Began in '70s
"Libraries in the tri-state region have
cooperated through the years to build a
unique and invaluable tool to support re­source
sharing," said William DeJohn, Direc­tor
of MINITEX. "Providing MULS in a new
mode reaffirms the commitment made by
MINITEX and the participating libraries."
MULS is a union list of holdings for serials
publications held by over I 50 acadentic, pub­lic
and special libraries_ in Minnesota, North
Dakota and South Dakota. MULS was devel­oped
in the early 1970s, and its preliminary
edition, listing 38,000 tides, was issued in
1972. MULS was originally used as the basis
for the CONSER (Conversion of Serials) Proj­ect
database which operates on the OCLC On­line
System. The 1985 Minnesota Legislature
provided funds in the Coordinating Board
1985-87 biennial budget to put the MULS
database online, making it more cost-effective
for libraties with holdings in MULS to use the
system for resource sharing.
AMIGOS to Convert
The AMIGOS Bibliogeaphic Council, Inc.
will use the OCLC Online System to convert
to machine readable form MULS paper files;
approximately 80,000 records in OCLC's Un­ion
List component will he updated. AMIGOS
and OCLC submitted a joint response to a re­quest
for proposals from MULS for this por­tion
of the project.
''AMIGOS is pleased to have a role in en­hancing
the availability of MULS records on
OCLC," said Louella Wetherbee, Executive
Director of AMIGOS. "MULS is an important
regional and national tool."
Ongoing Maintenance
Following completion of the retrospective
conversion project, MJNITEX will manage the
MULS file online via the OCLC System and
will keep it up-to-date with current serials bib­liogeaphic
records added to the OCLC data­base.
MINITEX will also add and modify hold­ings
to MULS through the OCLC Serials Union
Listing service.
Upon completion of the tape conversion,
the file will he online via OCLC's Union List
service for libraries participating in MULS, plus
other libraries accessing and using Union List
services.
MINITEX, a progeam of the Higher Educa­tion
Coordinating Board of the State of Min­nesota,
facilitates resource sharing among li­braries
in Minnesota and the neighboring
states of North Dakota and South Dakota.
MINITEX progeams include document deliv­ery,
reference back-up services, OC:LC support
and training, MULS and periodicals exchange.
162 MINITEX libraries in these states partici­pate
in the OCLC System.
AMIGOS is a nonprofit resource-sharing
network serving some 300 member libraries
in the Southwest and Mexico, providing a
wide range of library support services to all
types of libraties in the region.
OCLC loads CATLINE records
Beginning the week of September 29,
OCLC began loading pre-1979 National Li­braty
of Medicine (NLM) CA TilNE records for
books. These records represent a valuable ad­dition
to the OCLC database, and will be an
important resource for OCLC users, especially
those with strong health science collections.
The process of matching the approximately
450,000 CATLINE records against the OCLC
Online Union Catalog is expected to take
several weeks. If an NLM record matches an
existing record, the NLM holding symbol will
be attached to the record; if the NLM record
does not match an existing record, the NLM
record will he added to the Online Union Cat­alog.
Significant Contribution to Database
Based on a sample of 2,000 pre-1979 rec­ords,
it is estinaated that 55-70 percent of the
records will he added to the Online Union
by Judith A. Michaelson
Catalog, representing a significant contribu­tion
to the database in the health science field.
"OCLC is excited about making these im­portant
records available to our users,'' said
Richard Greene, OCLC Database Quality Con­trol
Specialist. "Adding the NLM CATLINE
tapes to the Online Union Catalog represents
the type of growth in the database that OCLC
has long been committed to,'' he added.
Once the pre-1979 records are processed,
all NLM cataloging of full books records will
be represented in the Online Union Catalog.
When processing of retrospective records
is completed, OCLC will process NLM
minimal level records by using the same
matching technique employed for the retro­spective
loading of CA TUNE records.
Current NLM Cataloging
OCLC has been adding current NLM rec­ords
to the OCLC database since August 1979.
These records are added without matching.
The Online Union Catalog presently contains
50,000 post-1979 NLM records.
A National Library
The National Libraty of Medicine, serving
the information needs of the biomedical field,
is the world's largest research library devotf:d
to a single scientific field. The scope of its col­lection
includes medicine and dentistry, med­ical
history, nursing, phannacy, and veteri­nary
medicine. The NLM is a component of
the National institutes of Health of the U.S.
Public Health Service, part of the U.S. Depart­ment
of Health and Human Services.
The National Libraty of Medicine was
founded in 1836. It is located in Bethesda,
Maryland. -Judith A. Michaelson is Infor­mation
Officer, Marketing and User Services
Division.
6 OCLC NEWSLETTER November 1986
Academic librarians to advise OCLC
An Advisory Committee on College and
University !Jbraries (ACCUL) has been formed
to provide a channel for academic libraries to
share their viewpoints and advise OCLC in the
areas of strategic direction and policy.
The first ACCUL meeting was held October
15 at OCLC in Dublin, Ohio.
Representation was drawn from geographic
areas served by regional academic accrediting
associations with a large and small institution
represented in each region. There are approx­imately
1,312 academic libraries in the United
States that are members of OCLC.
In welcoming ACCUL representatives,
OCLC President Rowland C. W. Brown noted
that though many voices are heard by OCLC
through governance channels, networks, ad­visory
committees and users groups, OCLC
needs input from academic institutions, which
he called the backbone of OCLC.
Libraries
Participating in
OCLC*
Library Type Number
Academic 1,312
Research 114
Public 909
State 60
State and Municipal 106
Government
Processing Centers 129
Law 262
Medical 413
Corporate 498
Theological 120
Federal 541
School 106
Community/Junior College 350
Other 468
• Libraries that participate in union lists or
group access projects via OCLC are not in­cluded
in this breakdown by library type.
by Nita Dean and Sharon Walbridge
ACCUL member Melvin George, Director
of William Jasper Kerr Library, Oregon State
University, led a discussion on ACCUL rela­tionships.
Members agreed that ACCUL is an
organization of lihrary directors which will be
involved in a broad range of topics and con­cerns.
Possible future issues include:
• Grant proposals to help OCLC and librar­ies
move ahead on specific projects;
• Education of academic librarians relative to
international cooperation;
• Oxford Project (new system) ramifications;
and
• Concerns of smaller academic libraries.
Committee members also discussed univer­sity
library support for faculty research and
relationships between the degree of support
and the level of priority the institution sets for
faculty research and publication.
(
The committee heard reports from the fol­lowing
OCLC staff, Martin Dillon, Director of
Research; Eric Lewandowski, Manager of
Sponsored Programs Development; and Kate
Nevins, Manager, Network and Library Serv­ices.
The committee agreed that ACCUL and
RLAC (Research Libraries Advisory Comntit­tee
to OCLC) should conununicate with each
other. Meeting minutes will be shared be­tween
the two groups, and H. Paul Schrank
Jr., Vice President, Membership and Cor­porate
Relations, will act as liaison.
ACCUL will meet three times a year in for­mal
sessions in addition to informal sessions
at ALA conferences. -Nita Dean is Public
Relations Writer at OCLC, and Sharon Wal­bridge
is Special Assistant to the President.
Advisory Committee on College
and University Libraries
Don L. Bosseau, University Librarian
San Diego State University Library
Willis Bridegam, Librarian
Rohert Frost Library
Amherst College
Glenn Brudvig, Director
Robert A. Millikan Memorial Library
California Institute of Technology
Michael J. Durkan, Librarian
McCahe !Jbrary
Swarthmore College
Nancy L. Eaton, Director
Bailey-Howe Memorial Library
University of Vermont & State
Agricultural College
Evan Ira Farber, Director
Lilly Library
Earlham College
Melvin R. George, Director
William Jasper Kerr Library
Oregon State University
Kenneth Herrick, Director
University of Hawaii at Hilo Libraries
Thomas Michalak, Director
University Libraries
Carnegie-Mellon University
William A. Moffett, Director
Oherlin College Library
Jane R. Moore, Chief Librarian
Mina Rees Library Graduate School and
University Center
City University of New York
Luella R. Pollock, Director
E. V. Hauser Memorial Library
Reed College
Lester J. Pourciau, Jr., Director
Memphis State University Libraries
Memphis, Tennessee
Birdie 0. Weir, Director
Joseph F. Drake Memorial Learning
Resources Center
Alahama Agricultural and Mechanical
University
Theodore F. Welch, Director
University Libraries
Northern Illinois University
Richard Hume Werking, Director
Trinity University Library
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OCLC NEWSLETTER November 1986 7
OCLC enhances Group Access
OCLC introduced a number of enhance­ments
to the Group Access Capability (GAC)
on August 16, 1986. These changes, designed
to serve the needs of OCLC members and
non-OCLC members in interlibrary loan
groups, include increasing the maximum
number of institutions that can belong to a
GAC and increasing the number of groups to
which a library can belong.
Background
OCLC inaugurated GAC in July 1984 as a
new approach to use of the Interlibrary Loan
(ILL) Subsystem. Group Access enables librar­ies
that are not OCLC members to have access
to a quick, cost -effective and easy way to pro­cess
interlibrary loan requests. It is designed
to:
• Increase the availability of material to pa­trons
by facilitating resource-shating within
cooperative ILL groups.
• Help meet the resource needs of small li­braries.
• Increase the efficient exchange of resources
and streamline ILL procedures by con­solidating
ILL transmission tools.
• Build ILL activity on information and re­sources
available through OCLC and its net­works.
All members of cooperative ILL groups,
even libraries not cataloging with OCLC, can
use the ILL Subsystem to interact with one an­other.
Within a group, OCLC recognizes two
types of users: OCLC members Qibraries
cataloging on OCLC) and selective users (li­braries
using only the ILL Subsystem).
Selective users may dial into OCLC, search
the Online Union Catalog to access biblio­graphic
records that match the item to be bor­rowed,
and view holdings displays that indi­cate
which group participants have cataloged
that item. They then can create an online ILL
request to forward to the other members of
that group. OCLC full members participating
in a group have access to all of the more than
26o million holdings in the Online Union Cat­alog,
but may also route requests to selective
users in the group based on local information
found in other resource directories. Requests
that cannot be filled within the group can be
referred outside the group by OCLC member
libraries to any of the more than 2, 700 ILL
Subsystem participants, as well as to docu­ment
suppliers like University Microfilms, the
Center for Research Libraries, Chemical Ab­stracts
Service, USBE, the British Ubrary Doc­ument
Supply Centre and the National
Agriculrural Library.
Enhancements
The enhancements to GAC installed in Au­gust
included,
by Paul C.ppuzzello
• Increasing the maximum number of insti­tutions
that can belong to a GAC group
from 500 to 5,000.
• Increasing the number of groups to which
a library can belong from one to a maxi­mum
of four groups.
• Adding the Field 265 (Source for Acquisi­tion)
to the list of fields which will display
in a bibliographic record.
• Replacing the "dhg" command with the
"dh[group]" command.
Larger Groups
The first enhancement enables large groups
to take advantage of GAC. All federal librar­ies,
for example, can now participate in the
Federal Libraries and Information Centers
Group Access. Titis change will suppon
growth of statewide groups such as those in
California, Missouri, New York, North Caro­lina,
and Wisconsin and regional groups such
as the Northwest Group Access Program
(NWGA). NWGA has invited any library in
Oregon, Washiugton, Idabo, Montaua, Alaska,
British Columbia, and Albena to become an
NWGA participant. With this change, the
potential also exists for serving the needs of
large subject-type groups like medical and law
libraries which cut across geographical bouud­aries.
More Groups, More Sharing
The second enhancement makes it possible
for libraries to belong to more than one group.
For instance, libraries in the North Carolina
Health and Sciences Ubraries GAC now are
able to join the North Caroliua Online Union
Catalog-a statewide resource-sharing group
brought about by the North Caroliua State
Library's decision to use OCLC to create an
online state database. Similarly, federal librar­ies
participating in the federal GAC group can
now join state and regional groups.
Source for Acquisition
The third enhancement facilitates access to
valuable subscription information for hard-to­lind
serials by providing the uame and address
of the item's publisher or distributor. This fea­mre
will be particularly useful to vendors par­ticipating
in the Vendor/Publisher Access pro­gram.
These Group Access changes have resulted
in minor modifications to the prompts on bib­liographic
records and holdings displays and
a conunand change. The "dhg" command has
been replaced by the new "dh[group]" com­mand.
To retrieve the symbols of all the in­stitutions
in any one of the users' groups that
hold an item, the user enters the new com­mand
"dh[group]." In this command,
"[group]" stands for the group symbol. For
example, if a user's institution belongs to
groups AAAA, BBBB, CCCC and DDDD, and
the user wants to see an item's holdings in
group AAAA, the user enters dhAAAA.
Libraries interested in Group Access should
contact their network office or OCLC for
more information. -Paul Cappuzzello is
ILL Support and Training Specialist, Market­ing
and User Services Division.
Current GAC Groups
October 1986
The number of GAC groups has grown
steadily since GAC was introduced in July
1984. Currently, 1,500 libraries participate
in 15 GAC groups. These groups range
from small subject-oriented consortia to lo­cal
statewide and regional groups. Interest
in the Group Access Capability is particu­larly
strong in areas with well established
resource sharing and/or union list activity,
and states considering building statewide
databases on OCLC.
SYMBOL GROUP
CL$A California Database Group
Access
CNYG Central New York Library Re-sources
Council
FEDL Federal Libraries and Informa-tion
Centers Group Access
FLIN Florida Library Information Net-work
LILC long Island Library Resources
Council
MIG! Missouri Interlibrary Loan
Group
NCSA North Carolina Online Union
Catalog
NWGA Northwest Group Access Pro-gram
RNYG Rochester Regional Research
Library Council Access Group
SHNC North Carolina Health and
Sciences Libraries GAC
SLXG Independent Schools Library Ex-change
VPGA Vendor Publisher Group Access
WWAG World Wide Access Group
WWGA Wisconsin Interlibrary Group
Access
YGAC South Central Research Library
Council Group Access
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8 OCLC NEWSLETTER November 1986
Largest Prqject to Date
Wayne State University Libraries to
use MICROCON for Retrospective
Conversion Project
On August 4, 1986, Wayne State University
Libraries, Detroit, Michigan, contracted with
OCLC to convert to machine readable form
approximately 478,900 bibliographic records
using the OCLC MICROCON Service. Wayne
State is a member of the AFLI network.
The Wayne State project is the largest sin­gle
institution project for the MICROCON
Service since the microcomputer-based retro­spective
conversion service was introduced in
March 1985.
Prior to the Wayne State contract, the dis­tinction
of the largest single institution con­tract
was shared by two libraries. The Univer-by
Linda Morgan Davis
sity of Maryland in College Park contracted
for 300,000 records on January 25, 1985.
Universite Libre de Bruxelles in Belgium also
contracted for 300,000 records on February
13, 1986.
Libraries contracting for the MICROCON
Service use their own staff and IBM PC­cornpatible
hardware to input search keys
onto data diskettes. The completed data disk­ettes
are sent to OCLC for processing. The
search keys are matched against the OCLC
Online Union Catalog (OLUC) and one-for­one
matches are written onto a magnetic tape.
The contracting library's holding symhol(s) are
attached to each of the matching records in
the OLUC.
The MICROCON Service is available to non­OCLC
member libraries as well as to mem­bers.
OCLC members may borrow M300
Workstations rent-free from OCLC to input
their data on the diskettes.
For more information on the MICROCON
Service, contact your network office or Linda
Morgan Davis, MICROCON/TAPECON Mar­keting
Specialist at OCLC. -Linda Morgan
Davis is MICROCON/TAPECON Marketing
Specialist, Marketing and User Services Divi­sion.
OCLC-developed CD-ROM
reference package tested at
Vanderbilt University
Librarians and patrons at Vanderbilt Univer­sity's
Jean and Alexander Heard Library of
Education are testing an OCLC prototype ref­erence
workstation that provides access to an
education database, the Current Index to Jour­nals
in Education. Stored on compact disc, the
database contains more than 332,000 ab­stracts
with bibliographic dtations from more
than 750 education-related journals.
The OCLC CD-ROM reference package
provides access to the CJ]E (Current Index to
Journals in Education) database, one of two
databases comprising the ERIC (Educational
Resources Information Center) reference data­base,
which is funded by the National Insti­tute
of Education.
The OCLC test is part of the Enhanced Au­tomation
Project at Vanderbilt, a university­wide
exploration of online access to journal
information. The project is funded by a
$750,000 grant from the Pew Memorial Trust.
H. Floyd Dennis, Professor of Special
Education of the George Peabody Col­lege
of Vanderbilt University, discusses
use of the OCLC prototype local refer­ence
workstation withJean Reese (right)­Public
Services Librarian In the Educa­tion
Library of the Jean and Alexander
Heard Library, and Flo Wilson, the Head
Library's Assistant Director for Systems
and manager of the Enhanced Automa­tion
Project.
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OCLC NEWSLETTER November 1986 9
1986 Microcomputer Survey results
73 percent of OCLC members own micros
Which libraries own what microcomputers,
and what do they do with them?
OCLC conducted a telephone survey dur­ing
May and June to determine answers to
those questions. In total, 306 OCLC members
and 154 non-OCLC members who were ran­domly
selected to participate were inter­viewed.
The results of this study were compared
with results from similar studies done in 1983,
1984, and 1985.
by Diane Cellentani
The following is a summary of the survey
results.
Ownership
Ownership of microcomputers that are
nsed for administrative and technical tasks has
continued to grow. The level of ownership
grew from 35 percent of OCLC members in
1983 to 73 percent in 1986. For non-OCLC
members, ownership has remained relatively
Research Advisory Committee
meets with OCLC researchers
by Mary Taylor
The OCLC Research Advisory Committee
met for two days of review and analysis with
staff from the OCLC Office ofResearcb on Au­gust
14-15, 1986. A major responsibility of
the Committee is to analyze the effectiveness
of OCLC research activities and their relation­ship
to current and future teclmologies.
The Committee members are: Robert
Hayes, Dean, Graduate School of Library and
Information Science, UCLA; Micbael Lesk, Di­vision
Manager of Computer Science Re­search,
Bell Communications Research; Brian
Perry, Director of Research and Develop­ment,
the British Library; and Douglas Van
Houweling, Vice Provost for Information
Technology, University of Micltigan.
Three research software packages were
demonstrated for the Committee: OPAC-1,
Graph-Text, and Reference Workstation.
The OPAC-I is an online public access cat­alog
interface developed using D, an ex­perimental
interface design language under
exploration in the Office of Research.
The Committee also heard and discussed
presentations from OCLC staff members on
the following research projects:
• D Language-Martin Dillon, Director,
Office of Research;
• Graph-Text--Thomas Hickey, Senior Re­search
Scientist;
• Automated Title Page Cataloging-Stuart
Weibel, Associate Research Scientist;
• Library Scbool Research Equipment Sup­port
Program-Mary Taylor, Research In­formation
Specialist;
• Book Use Study-Chandra Prabha; Associ-ate
Research Scientist;
• Holdings Pattern Study-Brigitte Kenney,
Research Scientist;
• Classification Analysis Project-Diane
Vizine-Goetz, Research Scientist.
Detailed information about these projects
is forthcoming in a new annual publication on
research at OCLC. (See related story on
page II.)
Dr. Francis Miksa, Professor at the Univer­sity
of Texas School of Library and Informa­tion
Science, and currently OCLC's Visiting
Distinguished Scholar, was introduced.
Dr. Miksa briefly sketched the work he
would be doing while in residence on the
varying approaches to classification among
the different disciplines.
Dr. Jeanette Drone, Postdoctoral Fellow,
was also introduced. Dr. Drone recently
received her Ph.D. from the University of
Illinois Graduate Scbool of Library and Infor­mation
Science. She will be working on
projects using subsets of music records. One
project will investigate ways in which the M
division (Music) of the Library of Coogress
Classification can be enhanced for retrieval as
a standalone CD-ROM database, and another
will develop and test a collection analysis tool
for scores to determine the extent of overlap
among clustered peer institutions.
The Research Advisory Committee cur­rently
meets with OCLC Office of Research
staff at six month intervals. The next meeting
is being planned for February 23-24, 1987.
-Mary Taylor is Research Information Spe­cialist
in the Office of Research.
stable. In 1984, 20 percent of non-OCLC
members owned microcomputers and 25 per­cent
owned microcomputers in 1986. Non­OCLC
members were not interviewed in
1983, so no comparisons can be made.
In this year's study, libraries were also asked
if they owned microcomputers that are used
primarily by patrons. Only 28 percent of
OCLC members and 8 percent of non-OCLC
members have microcomputers that are used
primarily by patrons. In 1985, 24 percent of
both OCLC members and non-OCLC mem­bers
owned microcomputers used by patrons.
Thus, the level has not changed significantly
for OCLC members but it has declined for
non-OCLC members.
Brand Owned
In terms of brand owned, IBM remains the
leader among both OCLC members and non­OCLC
members. IDM's growth was at the ex­pense
of Apple and other microcomputers.
Approximately 33 percent of all microcom­puters
owned by OCLC members are ffiM; 38
percent of the microcomputers owned by
non-OCLC members are also IDM.
M300 Workstations are also popular among
OCLC members. Approximately one-fifth of
all microcomputers owned by OCLC mem­bers
are M300s and, of all surveyed OCLC
members, 41 percent own an M300. In other
words, 57 percent of OCLC members who
own microcomputers own an M300 Worksta­tion.
Microcomputer Usage
Today, libraries are using their microcom­puters
to perform more tasks than they did in
1983. Most OCLC members and non-OCLC
members use microcomputers for word proc­essing,
preparing spreadsheets, perfonning in­terlibrary
loan, cataloging, and accessing an
offsite database.
As compared to 1984, there has been an in­creasing
trend for OCLC members to use
microcomputers for accessing an offsite data­base,
cataloging, and perfocming interlibrary
loan. The increase may be attributed to the use
of the OCLC Micro Enhancers and the M300
Workstation.
Future Purchases and Uses
OCLC members who do not currently own
a microcomputer are more likely to purchase
a microcomputer than non-OCLC members.
IBM is the most popular brand among future
purchasers. These future microcomputer
owners plan to perform the same activities as
current owners. -Diane Cellentaoi is a
Senior Marketing Artalyst at OCLC.
10 OCLC NEWSLETTER November 1986
Planning for future
workstation needs
by Ken Thomas
OCLC announced new programs to in­crease
users' workstation options for access­ing
OCLC services at the Annual Conference
of the American Library Association in New
York in June. Since then OCLC staff and staffs
of regional networks have been working to
provide additional information and materials
to assist users in planning for their future
workstation needs. These materials will be
available to users in early 1987. This article
sununarizes these programs so that users can
begin to assess their impact on individual li­braries.
The goals of these programs are effective
access to the growing number of OCLC serv­ices;
increased uses for terminals and work­stations;
and providing functional and eco­nomic
options for replacement of OCLC
Models 100 and 105 Terminals, which are
limited in effectiveness for future services and
increasingly costly to maintain.
Dial Access Improvements
Dial access to OCLC services is being im­proved
and its costs are going down. These
changes will make dial access more cost­effective
and functional for many users who
now have one dedicated-line terminal. For
most users with two or more terminals,
dedicated-line access will continue to be more
cost-effective.
OCLC terminal and Micro Enhancer soft­ware
will be made available for dial access use
on IBM PCs, PC/XTs, or PC/ ATs as well as
M300 Workstations. lbis software will pro­vide
M300 and IBM PC dial access users with
the functionality that dedicated-line users
have. Information about hardware configura­tions,
features, prices and ordering will be
available from network offices in December.
New Workstation-M300XT
Beginning in January 1987, new OCLC
M300 Workstations with added capabilities
will be introduced. They will come with 640
KB of random access memory for operation
of larger programs. An IBM PC !liT chassis will
be used as the basis for this new M300 Work­station,
to be known as the M300XT. The
PC/XT has a larger power supply and three
unused expansion slots for increased expand­ability.
Like the current M300, the new M300XT
will include two diskette drives, an IBM
Monochrome Monitor, OCLC keyboard and
character set, OCLC terminal software, PC­DOS,
and the ability to serve as a dedicated
line or dial access terminal. It also will run
OCLC Micro Enhancers and software for the
IBM PC.
The M300XT will have half-height diskette
drives, leaving room in the system unit for the
addition of an optional fixed-disk drive. The
price of the M300XT is expected to be
$3,515. This price inCludes installation and
on-site warranty service. Details and order in­formation
will be available from network
offices by early December.
New Family of Workstations
In spring 1987, OCLC will offer a new
family of workstations in addition to the
M300XT. The new workstations' family is be­ing
developed to provide users with a range
of functions and prices for replacing Models
I 00 and 105 Terminals and to provide effec­tive
access to OCLC services now and in the
future. A project is under way to evaluate and
select these new workstations.
These workstations, ''off-the-shelf'' asyn­chronous
terminals and XT- and AT­compatible
microcomputers, will be available
from OCLC and other sources. OCLC also will
continue to offer special software and hard­ware
options that will provide faster and
more effective use of OCLC services. Details
of these offerings will be available from
regional networks in early 1987.
The C Function
The terminals in the new workstation fa­mily
will not contain the unique hardware
now needed for dedicated-line access. They
will contain the necessary hardware to func­tion
as dial-access terminals, or as chained ter­minals
on OCLC dedicated lines. Control of
communication between a user's terminal(s)
and OCLC' s dedicated-line network will be
provided through special hardware/software,
called the "C Function."
The C Function will reside inside an M300
or M300XT. An M300 or M300XT with the
C Function must become the lead workstation
connected to every dedicated-line modem.
The C Function will control Models 100 and
105 Tenninals, M300s or M300XTs, and the
terminals and workstations in the new family.
Users are responsible for providing the
M300 or M300XT to house the C Function.
Every dedicated-line user will need to obtain
an M300 or M300XT for each dedicated-line
modem that it has, where there is no previ­ously
instailed M300 to be used. OCLC is re­sponsible
for providing, installing, and main­taining
the C Function.
The C Function must be in place prior to
use of any of the new workstation family for
dedicated-line access. It is·also required for
OCLC to be able to convert a dedicated-line
telephone circuit to a standard communica­tions
protocol.
(
OCLC will be converting its dedicated-line c·
network to a standard communications pro­tocol
over the next few years. In order for that
conversion to take place, each dedicated-line
user must provide an M300 or M300XT for
each dedicated-line modem, and OCLC must
instail the C Function. Although this will not
be required before 1989, OCLC plans to have
the C Function available in early 1987 so that
installations can begin when, or soon after,
M300XT installations begin.
Maintenance and Support
OCLC will continue to provide onsite main­tenance
for its terminals and workstations. In
addition, when the new family of worksta­tions
is available, OCLC will offer mainte­nance
for family members, whether or not
they were purchased from OCLC.
However, in keeping with its program to
replace the Models 100 and 105 Terminals be­cause
of their limited functionality, OCLC will
stop providing maintenance on these termi­nals
on January 1, 1990. By the end of 1990,
no Models 100 or 105 Terminals can be used
to access OCLC services.
The new workstation options being offered
by OCLC will give libraries an opportunity to
review their current usage of OCLC and plan
for the future. In the coming months, OCLC
will work closely with its affiliated regional ( .
networks to provide information to institu­tions
concerning the key factors in their
decision-making process. -Ken Thomas is
M300 Support and Training Spedalist in the
Marketing and User Services Division.
OCLC NEWSLETTER November 1986 11
OCLC provides fmancial assistance to PLA's
c Public Library Development Project
(
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OCLC has contributed $1,500 to the Pub­lic
Library Association to help finance a proj­ect
that will allow public libraries nationwide
to better plan and evalUate their services to pa­trons.
OCLC is one of more than 120 libraries or
state library agendes that have contributed to
the Public Library Development Project, es­tablished
to expand and revise library
managers' guidance tools for planning, role
setting, measurement, and comparable data.
Specifically, OCLC funding will go toward
surveying libraries nationwide on a selected
group of input and output measures, and on
such factors as population served, materials
budget per capita, and education level of the
community that a particular library serves.
Survey results are being used to build a com­puterized
public library data service, a tool to
help libraries identify "like" libraries and com­pare
data.
Currently in its final pbase of development,
the data service is scheduled for operation in
1988-
Clarence Walters, OCLC Program Director,
State and Public Libraries, noted that the
gathering and use of such data by public li­brary
managers can be of substantial value in
planuing and making decisions.
''On matters such as collection develop­ment,
services to particular segments of the
community, the location of service outlets,
and the degree of emphasis to place on par­ticular
types of reference and information
services, the potential of PLDP has far­reaching
national implications,'' he said.
Project Background
In 1983, the Public Ilbrary Association as­sembled
a 14-member New Standards Task
Force to study the feasibility and desirability
of developing new standards for public li­braries.
Mter one year, the Task Force made a ser­ies
of recommendations about the type and
level of assistance necessary from the PLA for
local libraries wishing to improve their per­formance.
Additionally, the Task Force en­dorsed
a contiunation of goals put forth in the
1980 manual, A Planning Process for Public
Libraries.
From these recommendations, the Public
Library Association, in August 1985, estab­lished
PLDP to operate under the auspices of
the New Standards Task Force.
Tools Defined
PLDP is composed of five consultants who,
while working together as a whole, individ­ually
concentrate on a particular guidance
tool. Input for these tools was solicited and
received in six-month phases: literature re-view,
needs assessment, and outline develop­ment
(begun August 1985); development of
first drafts (begun Marcb 1986); and field re­view
and development of fmal drafts (begun
September 1986).
In addition to the afore-mentioned public
library data service, tools will consist of
manuals designed to be used independently
or as an interrelated package. When published
in July 1987, these manuals will provide li­braries
flexibility in choosing which tools to
use and the level of effort to put into each.
The manuals will deal with planuing, role­setting
and measurement.
Consultants for the project are:
Mary Jo Lynch, Director
Office of Research
American Library Association
Charles McClure, Professor
School of Information Studies
Syracuse University
Amy Owen, Deputy Director
Utab State Library
Nancy Van House, Assistant Professor
School of Library and Ioformation
Studies
University of California, Berkeley
Douglas Zweizig, Associate Professor
School of Library and Information
Studies
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Significant Augmentation
Mr. Walters said OCLC is pleased to be able
to assist in the final development phase of
PLDP. On behalf of OCLC, he extended best
wishes to the Public Library Association for
the successful completion of the project and
in particular the customlzed public library data
service.
"Congratulation to the Public Library As­sociation
for its foresight in initiating PLDP,"
Mr. Walters said. ''There is no question that
the data service will significantly augment the
tools needed by public library managers at the
local level as well as enhance state and na­tional
library planuing efforts."
Membership receives
Annual Review of Research
at OCLC
OCLC has distributed to directors of mem­ber
libraries the first Annual Review ofOCLC
Research covering activities of its Offices of
Research and Technical Planuing from July
1985 to June 1986.
The 53-page document includes descrip-tions
of:
OCLC's research agenda
Research Advisory Committee activities
13 Project Reports
Publications
Presentations and seminars
Visiting Scholar, Postdoctoral Fellowship,
:ind Research Assistant Programs
Distinguished Seminar Series
External Research activities
Staff biographies
Since establishing a research component in
1977, OCLC has steadily increased its com­mitment
to research. The Office of Research
staff of more than 30 includes research scien­tists,
progranuner/analysts, research assistants
and support personnel.
The Office of Technical Planuing is engaged
in teclmology assessment, development of
1
technical standards, and internal consulting.
The Office conducts hands-on evaluation of
hardware, software and telecommunications
teclmologies for possible use in OCLC prod­ucts
and services.
Additional copies of the Annual Review of
OCLC Research 1985/86 are available from:
Documentation Dept., MC 123, OCLC, 6565
Frantz Rd., Dublin, Ohio 43017-0702.
AnnUal
Review of
ocLC
Research
July \985-l""' \986
J
12 OCLC NEWSLETTER November 1986
East meets West in CJK350 system
OnJuly 31, OCLC concluded the field test
for the OCLC CJK350 system for technical
processing of Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
language materials. The CJK350 system con­tains
an Online Cataloging Package, a Card
Production Package, and a Word Processing
Package.
Eleven libraries participated in the test,
which began on May 12. The libraries were,
Indiana University; The Institute for Advanced
Studies of World Religions at Stony Brook,
N.Y.; The Ohio State University; UCLA, The
University of California, Los Angeles; Univer­sity
of Arizona at Tucson; University of UUnois
at Urbana-Champaign; The University of
North Carolina at Chapel Hill; University of
Oregon; University of Pittsburgh; The Univer­sity
of Texas at Austin; and the University of
Washington.
The production version of OCLC C]K350
is scheduled for release to all interested librar­ies
beginning In November 1986.
Overall Performance
The library staff at Indiana University dem­onstrated
that users familiar with the OCLC
Cataloging Subsystem can easily learn to cat­alog
using OCLC CJK350. With only one day
of training, they input their first CJK record
on May 12 and during that first week input
a total of 36 CJK records into the OCLC On­line
Union Catalog. As of July 31, a total of
2,259 CJK vernacular records were input into
the OCLC Online Union Catalog.
A CJK350 user enjoys the same average re­sponse
time as that of an OCLC user catalog­ing
at a Roman language terminal/worksta­tion.
Development Update
Since the completion of the field test, OCLC
has added several enhancements that make
CJK-350 even easier to use. Among these en­hancements
is a system-supplied help function
for the graphic composition input method,
the Tsang-chieh Input Method. This function
allows the user to substitute an asterisk(*) for
an unknown code, and the system will sup­ply
all matching characters. OCLC will also
provide its CJK-350 users with a complete
character coding dictionary with cross refer­ences
on input codes of the five input meth­ods
provided by CJK350.
Work is also proceeding on correcting the
bugs found during the field test. During July
and August, the OCLC CJK350 Project Team
completely checked the internal codes and the
input codes for the CJK character set.
During June and July, OCLC received and
test-loaded CJK MARC tapes from the Re­search
Ubraries of the New York Public Li­brary
and the University of Illinois. Work to
by Jay Lee
load the Chinese records of the National Cen­tral
Library in Taipei will begin in early 1987.
OCLC is committed to loading Library of Con­gress
CJK records as soon as LC releases them
TENRIKYO--DOCTRINES.
to OCLC. LC has created approximately
50,000 CJK records containing vernacular
fields. -Jay Lee is CJK Marketing Specialist
at OCLC.
BL22ZZ
.T445
F85
1977
Fuka~a, Tadamasa, 1912-
(Tenrik~o k~ogigaku josetsu>
~~~~-·~~,~~-~.--~.-~~$
~~~fi:6(:ii:±. l!lfi'052 [ 19771 ( 1983 printing)
337 p. : Z1 em.
ISBN 4-8073-0081-4
1. Tenrik~o--Doctrines. I. Title
OCoLC 13555908 0
Catalog card produced with CJK350 Card Production Package.
Screen 1 of Z
•NO HOLDINGS IN OGL - FOR HOLDINGS ENTER dh DEPHtSS DISPLAY RECD SEND
OCLC: 13555986 Rille a tat: c Entrd: 868512 Used: 868528
•T~o~JPe: a Bib lui:.,. Gout pub: Lanv: Jpn Source: d Illus:
Repr: Enc lul: I Conf pub: B Ctr..,: Ja Dat tp: 111 H..-r....g: 18
Indx: 0 "od rae: r Feetechr: 8 Cont:
Deac: a Int lul: Datee: 1977•
,. 1 BU!I
,. 2 040
,. 3 828
,. 4 1198
,. 5 898
,. .6 849
IUL +c IUL
4887388814
6L2ZZZ.T445 +b F85 1977 •• OCLC
• 7 188 18 Fukawa. Tada.,.•••• +d 1912-
" " 188 18 )lJ'~.Sl!if~. +d. 1912-
.. 9 245 18 Tenrik..,·o kv-ovivaku Joeet111u _.. ~ Fukaua TadafOiaea.
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ifl.
•11 258 Shohan.
•1z 2s8 m~.
"1:3 288 8 lenri-.hi : +b T111nrik~o~·o D·ov·u•ha, ~ Sh·owa 52
t1977l ""' C1983 printinv>
•14 288 a ::Ei!iTi : •b ::CI!~l.V:X:ti.
+c ~¥052 t1977l +v C196:J Printin~)
•15 :JB8 :J:J7 p. ; ~ 21 c.,..
"16 618 ZB Tenriku·o +x Doctrine•·
H7 818 28 Xl!:fi +x Doctrine•.
First qK record input in OCLC database. The library staff at Indiana University dem­onstrated
that users familiar with the OCLC Cataloging Subsystem can easily learn
to catalog using OCLC CJK350. Roger Thomas, East Asian Cataloger, at Indiana Uni­versity,
input the first qK record into the OCLC database. With only one day of train­ing,
they input their first CJK record on May 12 and during that first week input
a total of 36 CJK records into the OCLC Online Union Catalog. As ofJnly 31, a total
of 2,259 CJK vernacular records were input into the OCLC Online Union Catalog.
(
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OCLC NEWSLETTER November 1986 13
Observations on the OCLC
CJK350 system
Technology at Its Best­Serving
the Humanities
by Lena Yang
As a CJK350 field test user at the Institute for Advanced Studies of
World Religions, Stony Brook, New York, I've had the opportunity
to make several observations regarding the design and capabilities of
OCLC's Chinese-Japanese-Korean language system (C)K350). I'd like
to share them with other potential CJK users.
Cost
Because of its micro hardware configuration (a modified ffiM PC),
the OCLC C)K350 system is affordable and, based on the test version,
economical to run. Its cost-effectiveness is further boosted by the fact
that it can function as both an OCLC M300 Workstation and an IBM
PC, which enhances its usefulness for performing general library tasks.
A time payment plan, which OCLC will soon offer to its micro prod~
uct users, will make the purchase of the C)K350 system even easier.
System capabilities
The system capabilities of the field test versions of software were
generally very good. The CJK350 Online Cataloging software func­tions
as it should. Although the intental structure of a CJK MARC
record is complicated, the terminal software handles all the difficult
data processing for the user. The procedures for creating or editing
C]K fields are no more complicated than those for OCLC Roman­language
cataloging.
There was no noticeable slow down of system response time. How­ever,
it does take the system longer to display since each CJK vernacu­lar
character is represented by three bytes, compared with one byte
for roman characters. The slower display time for the CJK vernacu­lar
fields is to be expected.
Most of the functions on the OCLC Online Shared Cataloging Sub­system
are available on the CJK350 Online Cataloging, including the
user-defined function keys. This function enables users to input a string
of characters, including vernacular characters, with one single key­stroke.
This is a useful time-saving feature for frequently used search
keys or bibliographic data elements.
The OCLC CJK350 system is very easy to use. Generally, one can
learn to use it with only one day of training. The OCLC CJK350 train­ing
program is very effective. In addition to cataloging-related func­tions,
this training program also includes information on micro hard­ware
configuration, basic mM PC-DOS operations, and the interface
between the QK350 Workstation and the OCLC Online System.
As we were unfamiliar with OCLC MARC formats, in the first two
weeks it took us about two hours to input an original record. Two
months later, however, we were able to input an original record in
20-25 minutes and enhance a record in 10-15 minutes.
The C)K350 Card Production capability is a wonder of modem tech­nology.
The software package can transform the 16x !6 dot matrix
characters as displayed on the screen into the beautiful 24 x 24 dot
matrix characters in the card form. The process Of producing cards
for 30 records in our library takes approximately three hours.
User Support
During the field test, we ran into one hardware problem, a defec­tive
printhead on the Toshiba printer. This problem was corrected un­der
Toshiba's original warranty. There were no teleconununication
problems.
We found the CJK350 user support to be very good. Our questions
and requests were well-coordinated by three OCLC CJK specialists who
always responded very promptly. When this product is formally in­troduced,
we believe users can expect superb support from OCLC.
Our library has decided to buy the CJK350 system. During the last
two months, we've also reconunended it to several potential CJK users
who contacted us for an objective opinion. -Mrs. Lena Yang is Li­brary
Director, the Institute for Advanced Studies of World Religions.
Our experience at the
University of Washington
by Karl K. Lo
As a field test site at the University of Washington for OCLC's
Chinese-Japanese-Korean system (C!q350), we had the opportunity
to use the test versions "of the Online Cataloging and Card Production
packages from May 12 to July 31. During that time we also had the
opportunity to demonstrate these two software packages in our library
to the staff of several libraries from the west coasts of the United States
and Canada. Among these visitors were those from the University of
Alberta, the University of British Columbia, Central Washington Uni­versity
and the Seattle Public Library. A few visitors from Taiwan, Japan
and the People's Republic of China have also seen the system at our
library. The visitors as well as members of our own University were
impressed by the capabilities of both CJK packages.
My personal reactions to the tCst are threefold: the technology, the
OCLC staff, and the potential utility of the system.
Technology
The technology is a combination of state-of-the-art technology and
a good sense of cost-effectiveness. All hardware performed perfectly
during the test. The Online Cataloging software performed as well as
OCLC's current Roman-Janguage online cataloging capability. No soft­ware
error was found during the test.
Character codes for East Asian characters were the major problem
during the test. Some important characters were lacking, and some
codes and characters did not match. OCLC has assured us that it is
a problem that can be easily solved. Other than that, the software
works as OCLC designed it to work.
The multiple input methods, operating from the standard OCLC
keyboard, are a stunning success. Our students and faculty members
(continued on page 14)
14 OCLC NEWSLETTER November 1986
Our experience at the
University of Washington
(continued from page 13)
today but also the necessary upgrading of this progtatu for the gener­ations
of technology to come.
System Utility
were greatly impressed. Input by romanization requires only a few
minutes of training. The Tsang-chieh method of input requires a couple
of days of learning and practice, but it is a faster method once
mastered. For the occasional user, including an interlibrary loan librar­ian,
the romanized input methods work fme.
Is the OCLC QK Workstation for large East Asian libraries only? I
tend to believe not. For the price of two good electronic typewriters,
an OCLC member can enhance a regular M300 Workstation with QK
capability. A C]K350 Workstation not only can do all the things an
M300 can, but also present CJK characters. An interlibrary loan librar­ian
who may not know C]K may search by romanization and then
present the results in Asian scripts to the user. Without the original
script a user can never be sure of borrowing the right book.
The card production capabilities have proved to be a must for an
East Asian library that does not have CjK characters on its host insti­tution's
integrated library system. The typographic quality of the cards
is very close to that of an LC-printed CJK card. A complete set of cards
with tracings can be printed from a desk-top printer by the side of
the CJK Workstation. The system works fine as it is, although we, as
a test site, have suggested a few minor enhancements.
In this respect, a CJK350 Workstation is just as essential to a library
with no East Asian language staff as it is to a large East Asian library.
It might seem wishful thinking, but it may not be too far from the truth
that every OCLC Workstation will be a CJK Workstation-or, better
yet, a ''total-lingual,'' international workstation.
Staff
The technology may be stunning, but the OCLC staff is actually the
star. Throughout the test, the staff has been extremely cooperative,
attentive and supportive. It is the spirit of the staff that conveys OCLC's
commitment to meeting its users' needs. It is this spirited staff that
gives me confidence that OCLC will not only offer what they have
I am sure many of the test libraries share my excitement about the
new C]K program. While we are still waiting to test the production
version, we want to applaud OCLC for their monumental efforts and
their stunning success. With the establislunent of their Asian/Pacific
Services, we also wish OCLC success in building a worldwide auto­mated
CJK language network. -Karl K. Lo is Head of the East Asian
Library at the University of Washington.
The University of Connecticut
Health Center Library
acquires LS/2000
The University of Connecticut Health Cen­ter
Library, in Farmington, Conn., has ac­quired
LS/2000, OCLC's stand-alone,
minicomputer-based local library system.
The library will use a Data General
MV /4000 minicomputer with 25 terminals in­itially.
OCLC will supply hardware, software,
terminals, printers, training and documenta­tion,
as well as hardware and software main­tenance.
Installation is scheduled for Novem­ber
1986.
The University of Connecticut Health Cen­ter
Library was established in 1965 in Hart­ford,
Conn., as part of the development pro­gram
for the new University of Connecticut
Scbool of Medicine and Scbool of Dental Med­icine.
First classes were admitted to these
schools in 1968. The library moved to its
present Fannington location in the newly­completed
Health Center complex in 1973.
The University of Connecticut Health Cen­ter
Library now has 150,000 volumes, 3,250
current serial subscriptions, 4,500 audio-visual
programs and 150 microcomputer programs.
The University of Connecticut Health Cen­ter
Library is the only public health sciences
library in southern New England. Conse­quently
the Library serves as a resource both
to the University and to the community at
large. The LS/2000 system will be installed to
facilitate access to library holdings through
terminals located on each floor within the Li­brary
and through microcomputers outside
the Library in offices, laboratories and homes
where users may dial-in.
Ralph D. Arcati, Library Director, says
LS/2000 was selected because of its compati- ·
bility with library operations already auto·
mated: cataloging, serials control, interlibrary
loan and acquisitions.
''The LS/2000 system was seen as provid­ing
the capability for the library to become
one of multiple components in a Health
Center-wide information network,'' he said.
Dial Access moves to CompuServe network
Telenet and TYMNET as gateways, Compu­Serve
can be accessed from 550 dties in North
America and abroad.
Benefits
pleased to have CompuServe join us in this
commitment."
Phased Implementation
(
(
In October OCLC introduced CompuServe
as the telecommunications network for dial
access to the OCLC Online System. Benefits
to the more than 2,000 authorized dial-access
users of OCLC include decreased charges for
connect time and elimination of the password
fee.
Based in Columbus, Ohio, CompuServe is
a private value-added network developed by
CompuServe lnfonnation Services. The Compu­Serve
network has been in operation for more
than a decade and is highly advanced, with
local phone numbers in 230 cities. With ad­ditional
coverage under an arrangement with
Don Muccino, Director, OCLC Operations
Division, said: "Our agreement with Compu­Serve
allows us to offer dial-access service to
OCLC members at a lower rate, thus provid­ing
a more cost-effective alternative to private­line
services. OCLC has always been conunit­ted
to offering its users the best services at the
most reasonable prices available. We -are
OCLC will phase out Telenet and TYMNET
access to the O~e System by January 1987,
but will continue to use these value-added net­works
where no CompuServe node is avail- (
able.
OCLC has mailed to users Technical Bulle­tin
Number 166, which describes new con­nect
procedures for both CompuServe access
and direct dial access to the OCLC System.
(
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OCLC NEWSLETTER November 1986 15
Highlights of Users Council Meeting
Sept. 21-23, 1986
Here are the highlights of the fall OCLC
Users Council Meeting held in Columbus,
Ohio, September 21-23, 1986.
On Sunday, September 21, Users Council
delegates had dinner at OCLC and heard a re­port
from the Planning Committee and a re­view
of OCLC's Strategic Plaruling Environ­ment.
Planning Committee Recommendations
George Grant, Chair, Users Council Plan­ning
Conunittee, and Head, Ubrary Network
Support, Bell Telephone Laboratories,
(P AL!NET), presented the following recom­mendations
to the delegates: 1) that Users
Council develop and implement an annual
cycle, September through May, with stated
goals and objectives for the year; 2) that
delegate selection and training be reviewed;
and 3) that greater emphasis be placed on
promoting Users Council and its role in OCLC
strategic planning through SPOTLIGHT OCLC
and perhaps regional meetings.
Environmental Review
Mary Ellen Jacob, OCLC Vice President, U­brary
Planning, reviewed OCLC's continuing
assessment of its strategic planning goals as
they pertain to the environment, the econ­omy,
technology, regulation, legislation and
societal trends.
Ms. Jacob explained how environmental
scenarios have been developed from surveys
and meetings with users and networks. These
scenarios are reviewed quarterly as informa­tion
is added and validated.
Ms. Jacob indicated interest in returning to
Council in spring 1987 to discuss and validate
OCLC environmental scenarios again.
OCLC President's Report
On Monday, September 22, OCLC Presi­dent
Rowland C. W. Brown reported to the
Council on OCLC's international activities.
The OCLC database is an incomparable
source of cataloging that gives OCLC a win­dow
of opportunity to explore serving an in­ternational
community, said l\1r. Brown.
Mr. Brown cited the following benefits to
U.S. libraries of OCLC's international initia­tives:
• Copy cataloging of foreign imprints;
• Retrospective conversion of items previ­ously
cataloged by libraries abroad;
• Increased opporttmities for international
resource sharing;
• Increased cooperation and exchange
among both librarians and institutions; and
by Page Lewis, Leslie Pearse and Phil Schieber
• Establislunent of a network base for future
international document delivery.
Mr. Brown said benefits to non-U.S. librar­ies,
patrons, and publishers include the above
plus,
• OCLC's networking, system development,
and operational experience; and
• Exchange of research and development
with OCLC, bibliographic data for acquisi­tion
of foreign imprints.
"I think the greatest benefit to library pa­trons,
in the long run, will be the increased
awareness of the existence of rare and foreign
materials not previously available or identified
to users,'' said Mr. Brown. OCLC and its
membership will also benefit from economic
gain and cost recovery as well as increased
value of the OCLC database.
Barriers
Mr. Brown described the external and in­ternal
barriers to OCLC's networking interna­tionally.
External barriers include:
• Different MARC formats and bibliographic
traditions,
• Non-roman alphabets, bias against foreign
service providers, and gaps in traditional in­frastructures,
• Variations in communication protocols and
local communication policies, and high
communication costs,
• Foreign exchange and copyright laws; and
• Training support and documentation.
Internal barders (those arising from OCLC's
system, resources, or policies) were identified
by Mr. Brown as:
• Language limitations of OCLC management
and staff;
• Investment costs;
• The fact that the OCLC System was devel­oped
for English-speaking users and U.S.
standards; and
• U.S.-based hardware and software.
Mr. Brown noted that potential users out­side
the U.S. want a system originating or ad­ministered
within their region or country, find
personal relations important, and often lack
adequate funds or interest in doing original
cataloging on OCLC.
International Initiatives
In 1979, OCLC began its International in­itiatives
in the United Kingdom.
In continental Europe, OCLC's initial
strategy was to expand its services to in­terested
users typically by dial access, Mr.
Brown said. Today, there are dial-access users
in 16 countries.
In the future, the OCLC network could be­come
worldwide through microcomputer­based
applications such as M!CROCON,
TAPECON, and CD-ROM applications, inter­national
facsimile transmission, satellites, and
24-hour availability of the OCLC System.
In 1985, based on reassessment of library
needs here and abroad, the new system archi­tecture,
barriers listed above, OCLC's ex­perience
to date, and the impact of new tech­nologies,
OCLC embarked on some new in­ternational
initiatives, Mr. Brown said.
New strategies will be tailored to each na­tional
situation, consistent with a global con­cept,
Mr. Brown said. They will include the
building of a logical international database
containing many national databases as well as
state databases, and a flexible approach to
relationships.
The major factors to be taken into account
in international networking include:
• The nature of the political parties involved;
• The ability to provide access to OCLC's in­comparable
database, particularly for ret­rospective
exchange agreements;
• Cooperative arrangements with national li­braries,
library consortia, major universities
and public libraries that contemplate an
inter-networking relationship, exchange of
records, political cooperation in encourag­ing
international standards, and a consistent
adherence by OCLC to those standards.
International Goals
Mr. Brown said that OCLC's international
goals include construction of an international
database and establishment of a variety of link­ages
that will provide the broadest possible ac­cess
to the world's intellectual resources.
''In pursuing this goal, we cannot force on
the entities integral to our success conformity
to a model which is, for them politically, ad­ministratively
and economically inimical or
uncomfortable," Mr. Brown said. "Our
strategy therefore is pragmatic in flexibility,
innovation, cooperation, and collaboration."
Mr. Brown descdbed OCLC's International
initiatives in the United Kingdom, France,
Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands, the Fed­eral
Republic of Germany, Italy, Australia,
Japan, the Vatican, Taiwan, and the Peoples'
Republic of China.
(continued on page 16)
16 OCLC NEWSLETTER November 1986
Highlights of Users
Council Meeting
(continued from page 15)
OCLC Financial Report
In a review of OCLC's finances for the
1985/86 fiscal year, John Shary, Vice Presi­dent,
Finance, and Treasurer, said that the
fmancial position of OCLC is strong and able
to accommodate future development and
growth.
In 1985/86, total assets increased from
$87.5 million to S94.9 million. Member serv­ice
revenues in 1985/86 totalled $78,632,100,
up from 569,069,000 in 1984/85.
Mr. Shary noted that OCLC's strong fmau­cial
position permitted use of incentives to en­courage
library resource sharing and enrich­ment
of the Online Union Catalog. While
there were $78.6 million in member service
revenues in 1985/86, OCLC also grauted
members and networks approximately S 1.1
million in credits, for example, foi interlibrary
lending and input of original cataloging into
the database discounts to members.
National Library Databases Abroad
Henriette Avram, Assistant Librarian for
Processing Services, the Library of Congress,
addressed the delegates on "National Library
Databases Abroad."
The flrst director of LC's MARC Develop­ment
Office from 1970 to 1976, Ms. Avram
described the history of international MARC
and current activities. She posed questions as
to the possible impact of international activi­ties
on U.S. libraries.
Ms. A vram noted that national library ageu­cies
can successfully enhance resource shar­ing
among and within countries through suc­cessful
resolutions to economic and
technological issues, internationally agreed­upon
standards for data and formats, and
workable exchange agreements and licensing
arrangements.
MARC Background
After LC began regular distribution of
MARC records in 1969, other national bibli­ographic
agencies throughout the world fol­lowed
suit. The Conference of Directors of
National Libraries was founded, and the In­ternational
l\1ARC Network Committee
formed. Bilateral agreements were made
among national agencies for data exchange.
The International Federation of Library
Associations aud Institutions (IFLA) developed
the UNIMARC format aud established au in­ternational
MARC Program supported by na­tional
libraries.
"It appeared," said Ms. Avram, "that at long
last the dream of universal bibliographic
control-cataloging a record, converting it to
machine-readable form once and the coun­try's
publication of that record for use
worldwide-might become a reality.''
But despite all the efforts made at standardi­zation,
Ms. A vram said, there are incompati­bilities
caused by differences in cataloging
codes and practices.
MARC Differences
Currently, 37 national agencies have re­ported
MARC databases. Of those, 23 offer
distribution services, including three that offer
MARC authority records. Fourteen additional
agencies indicate a plan to offer MARC serv­ices
and six more repon that they are at the
point of developing a database.
"These figures demonstrate a continuous,
albeit slow, growth," Ms. A vram said. She
noted that there were considerable differences
that still must be overcome.
Of the 16 largest national agencies with
MARC service, eight follow AACR2 catalog­ing
rules, 13 distribute data in a local MARC
format, and five distribute data in the US­MARC
format.
Ms. A vram added that some libraries, such
as Australia, distribute data in both their na­tional
format and the US format.
Services Examined
"MARC records have become a com­modity,''
Ms. A vram said, explaining the
agreements and services of national agencies.
''What were once exchanges in an altruistic
sense now have become complicated by mar­ketplace
conditions.''
There are currently two kinds of agree­ments
between national agencies, Ms. A vram
said. The first involves the free exchange of
records between two agencies of national im­prints.
The second exchange is the sale of the
records.
The service provided by most of the agen­cies
is cataloging of national imprints, with the
exception of LC, which makes available its
cataloging in many languages. Some agencies
offer retrospective services; some offer rec­ords
of another country in addition to their
own.
As a result of some national libraries' func­tioning
as ''bibliographic utilities,'' licensing
agreements for third-party use are emerging.
There is a trend toward increasing the price
of national agencies' services because agencies
bear the cost of record creation and world­wide
economic problems create the need for
additional funding.
Ms. A vram said that those factors encour­age
the International MARC Network Com­mittee
to issue guidelines for agreements for
transfer of national MARC records between
national agencies. The guidelines provide a
glossary of terms, a checklist giving possible
sections and subsections of an agreement, and
recommended steps in preparing agreements.
In recent years, Ms. A vram noted, nonprofit
and for-profit organizations have extended
their customer base beyond national bound­aries
and are competing with the services of
the national agency in their own country as
well as the national agencies of other coun­tries.
"This has become a significant factor in
maintaining cost-effective bilateral agreements
betweep national agencies,'' Ms. Avram said.
To further guarantee some control over na­tional
agency MARC records, Ms. Avram
quoted the Conference of Directors of Na­tional
Libraries which resolved:
• ''National bibliographic agencies agree to
inform and consult one another as appro­priate
before entering into MARC distribu­tion
arrangements with other types of or­ganizations
such as bibliographic utilities to
redistribute MARC records in other coun­tries."
• "That in cases where a national biblio­graphic
agency finds it advantageous to
supply an organization other than a na­tional
library in another country, with its
records for redistribution, that the arrange­ment
not be made exclusive."
Library of Congress Stance
Ms. A vram said LC has exchanged agree­ments
for MARC data with the national librar­ies
of Brazil, Canada, Chile, France, Norway,
and the United Kingdom. So far, however,
only data from the National Library of Canada
and from the British Library have been con­vened
into US MARC for redistribution in the
United States.
LC is investigating the cost-effectiveness of
converting or maintaining data from smaller
countries, U.S. libraries' interest in distribution
of each foreign MARC tape service, and East
Asian record services that might be obtained
and convened to US MARC. LC is the only na­tional
library that has implemented UNIMARC
in both directions, though most members of
the International Network Committee are
committed to doing so.
LC claims copyright on its MARC records
distributed outside the U.S. for two reasons:
I) LC must be able to engage in fair aud
reciprocal arrangements with other national
agencies that already claim copyright on their
records and impose licensing arrangements on
their foreign customers; and 2) LC must re­main
the primary provider of its own records
overseas, thus enabling it to engage in a
beneficial exchange agreement and allowing
it to recover sufficient cause to keep the price
of MARC services as low as possible here in
the United States.
Success at Home
Ms. Avram said the Library of Congress is
committed to the idea that its responsibility
is to make available for the national and in­ternational
library conununity a quality record
for each title added to its collection.
"Since all LC cataloging is done to a single
standard, this is what is attractive to foreign
libraries facing the alternative of using catalog­ing
in different styles from different national
libraries," she said. "We continue to work
towards standardization and see ourselves as
the interface between national agencies
abroad and bibliographic organizations in the
United States.''
(continued on page 17}
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Highlights of Users
Council Meeting
(continued from page I 6)
International Databases
Robert Donati, Director, Field Operations,
DIALOG Information Services, Inc., spoke on
''International Information Databases.'' He
discussed DIALOG's experience in interna­tional
networking and provided a brief back­ground
report on DIALOG's current status.
Included in the discussion were types of in­ternational
subject databases on DIALOG, the
extent of use in the U.S. offoreign.databases,
DIALOG activities in building databases inter­nationally,
and use of DIALOG by non-U.S. li­braries.
''DIALOG is taking significant steps to in­crease
international coverage in business in­formation
and current news and to acquire
comprehensive bibliographic databases in
order to meet the need of its international and
U.S. users," Mr. Donati said.
After giving an assessment of DIALOG's
current status and services, Mr. Donati ex­plained
that DIALOG's international subject
databases can be divided according to those
of U.S. origin with international information
and those of non-U.S. origin.
Information Division
The U.S. Files containing international in­formation
are substantial and include major
bibliographic databases, Mr. Donati said.
DIALOG estimates that a third of the 120
million records in its U.S.-origin databases
come from international sources.
Twenty-eight of the 275 DIALOG databases
are of international origin and comprise 13
percent of the records. The United Kingdom
supplies 22 of these.
Six to eight additional European databases
are being loaded now, with more in negotia­tion.
DIALOG continues to receive requests for
greater coverage of international information,
he said.
A Major Host
''Use of DIALOG by customers outside the
U.S. forms a very significant fraction of
DIALOG revenues," Mr. Donati said. "And in
Europe DIALOG continues to be the major
host."
Mr. Donati added that use of DIALOG is ex­tensive
in Japan and Canada, and is growing
in Australia, South America, and the Pacific,
including Taiwan and the People's Republic
of China.
System Interconnections
Mr. Donati then discussed international net­working
in terms of system intercolUlections
and telecommunications.
DIALOG provides gateway access to a
range of databases through EasyNet, and
MEAD Data Central, and looks forward to a
gateway with OCLC. DIALOG also has con­tractual
arrangements with several OCLC­afflliated
networks.
The physical aspect of international net­working
has been challenging but solvable.
Access to DIALOG is available from most
countries in the world. Most of the western
world and some other countries have their
own public data networks (PDNs) that facili­tate
international communication.
Pragmatic Approaches
He described the many telecommunications
"handshakes" involved in communicating
across national borders that "illustrate the for­midable
barriers to international telecommu­nications.''
He said ''pragmatic approaches''
are mitigating these barriers. For example,
outside the U.S., rather than using its own em­ployees,
DIALOG operates generally through
contractual agreements with agents, Mr.
Donati said. The earlier mission of these
agents was customer support and training, but
this mission has expanded recently to involve
a higher level of marketing, professional in­volvement,
exhibits and conferences, and in­creased
customer service.
Most training outside the U.S. is conducted
in the languages of the country, which has
major implications on documentation and
training. The logistics for supporting overseas
operations require much attention and ex­perimentation.
Mr. Donati noted the importance of inter­national
information to DIALOG and to its
customers.
"DIALOG will continue its vigorous poliCy
of database acquisition to ensure that its goal
of providing users with international informa­tion
continues to be met," he said.
Review of IFLA Issues
Glyn T. Evans, Assistant Vice Chancellor for
library Services, SUNY, and a member of the
OCLC Board of Trustees, gave a ''Review of
IFLA (International Federation of Library
Associations) Issues." He reviewed IFLA's core
membership, programs, and organization. He
identified the following trends and issues from
the recent IFLA conference in Japan:
• Transliteration of Chinese, Japanese, and
Korean (C)K) characters, and other lan­guages;
• The relationship of CJK codes to the gen­eral
problems of universal bibliographic
control;
• The relationship between libraries and in­formation
centers and social and economic
development of individual third-world
countries, including problems of illiteracy;
• The roles of universal bibliographic control
and universal availability of publications;
• The complex problems of document de­livery;
• Training and education of librarians for the
21st century; and
• The roles of professionals and support staff
and networking.
OCLC NEWSLETTER November 1986 17
Mr. Evans noted the similarities of the prob­lems
in the U.S. and abroad, and said that li­braries
are beginning to defme their role in ec­onomic
development, and that it is a key role.
Panel Discussion
Users Council delegates and a panel of the
speakers discussed international initiatives.
Record Use
Marilyn Mason, Director, Cleveland Public
Library, member of the OCLC Board of
Trustees, and Chair of the Board's Principles
and Guidelines Advisory Committee, led a dis­cussion
of the revised document, "Principles
and Guidelines for Transfer of OCLC-Derived
Machine-Readable Records." Ms. Mason stated
that the Committee is committed to taking
steps toward improvement of the guidelines
and to working to sqike a balance among
members' many needs. She asked dclegates to
continue to bring concerns to the Conunit­tee's
attention and expressed hope for con­tinuing
dialogue.
Relations Committee Report
On September 23, Barbara Markuson, Ex­ecutive
Director of INCOLSA, presented
recommended action plans from the Commit­tee
on Member, Network and OCLC Rela­tions.
The action plans are intended as models
or examples of what might be done to in­crease
the visibility of the Users Council and
promote increased interaction among
delegates and librarians in member libraries.
The Users Council accepted the recommen­dations
and asked the Executive Committee
to implement those that are practical.
Conference Report
Thomas Michalak, Director, University li­braries,
and Associate Vice President for Ac­ademic
Services, Carnegie Mellon University,
and William Anns, Vice President for Aca­demic
Services, Carnegie Mellon University,
reported on the conference, "Information Re­sources
for the Campus of the Future," held
in June in Racine, Wisconsin. Sponsored by
OCLC and the Johnson Foundation, and de­signed
with the assistance of the OCLC Higher
Education Policy Advisory Conunittee, the
conference brought together teams from eight
universities- the presidents, provosts, librari­ans,
academic computer center directors and
faculty members.
Major themes of the conference included:
future directions of information technology;
how to detennine a university's major infor­mation
requirements in that environment; the
cost of absorbing the costs of new informa­tion;
issues of productivity; the role of elec­tronic
resources; organization and retrieval of
electronic information; interlibrary collabora­tion;
and application of information technol­ogy
to teaching and research.
For Mr. Michalak the conference identified
the following issues: awareness of current
(continued on page 18)
18 OCLC NEWSLETTER November 1986
Highlights of Users
Council Meeting
(continued from page 17)
challenges to librarians; the problems of deal­ing
with new forms of information; the library
as information broker; the problem of what
kinds of information to collect; relationships
with information providers; the library as
publisher, especially of electronic information;
sharing electronic resources; and organizing
information delivery.
William Arms discussed ways that these is­sues
are being addressed at Carnegie-Mellon
Universiry (CMU). He said that CMU has
grouped together under the Academic Serv­ices
Division the following: computing and in­formation
services, including library and au­diovisual
services, telecommunications and
networking, and classroom services. The Di­vision
also engages in research and develop­ment
projects as well as day-to-day services.
Mr. Arms said the philosophy behind
CMU's computer services is the belief that
universities can be made more productive if
very powerful computing facilities are avail­able
for everyone and that such facilities can
inspire fundamental changes in education.
He described the Andrew Project, CMU's
partnership with IBM to build a computing
environment for the future that includes
workstations with high-resolution display
screens, a high-speed network, an integrated
messaging system, and highly intelligent inter­faces.
Campus information services will be in
four areas: network services, such as an on­line
catalog; external services, such as OCLC
and DIALOG; intralibrary services; and uni­versity
databases, such as a faculty-staff direc­tory.
Network Directors' Report
Barbara Markuson, Executive Director, IN­COLSA,
reported on the April and June 1986
Network Directors' meetings. She said that
several networks are planning work­shops/
conferences on optical disc technology.
Networks have expressed concern about poli­cies
for networks and state libraries in the re­vised
document, ''Principles and Guidelines
for Transfer of OCLC-Derived Machine­Readable
Records.'' Network Directors have
also been working out the details of a regional
network directors' advisory committee. She
noted that several networks are currently ne­gotiating
contracts with OCLC, and that the
Network Directors looked forward to a suc­cessful
conclusion of remaining contract
issues.
Election Results
The results of elections for the Users Coun­cil
Executive Committee were as follows.
Ralph Russell, University Librarian at Georgia
State University, was elected Vice Presi­dent/
President-elect. Delegates-at-large are:
Ronald Leach, Dean of Libraries at Indiana
State University; Dilys Morris, Assistant Direc-tor
for Technical Services, Iowa State Univer­sity;
and Drew Racine, Assistant Director for
Technical Services, University of Missouri­Columbia.
Doris Brown assumed the Presidency of the
Users Council at the end of the meeting. She
is Director of University Libraries, DePaul Uni­versity.
She was Users Council Vice President
for 1985/86 and was elected to a six-year term
on the OCLC Board of Trustees in May 1986.
Motions passed.
The Users Council adopted resolutions:
• urging the OCLC Board of Trustees to
make available a policy statement regard­ing
OCLC plans for international expan­sion,
urging management to continue dis­cussions
with the Library of Congress
regarding international programs and to re­view
with Users Council international ac­tivities
and plans and conununicate them
to the General Membership.
• urging OCLC management to give first pri­ority
among new initiatives to timely im­plementation
of the new OCLC System.
• expressing concurrence with the Planning
Committee's proposal to change the year
for the Users Council officers and their
election date (to a May-September calendar)
under the assumption that it requires no
change in the Bylaws and directing the Ex­ecutive
Committee to implement the rec­onunendations
as soon as possible.
• adopting reconunendations of the ad hoc
Committee on Less-than-full-service Net­works
to establish a joint task force of per­sons
from Users Council, OCLC Board and
management, and regional networks to ex­amine
General Members' expectations of
levels of network services and training and
define services and levels of support which
must be provided to General Members for
appropriate use of the Online System and
database.
Farewell
Following farewell remarks from outgoing
Users Council President Betty Taylor, Doris
Brown, incoming President, honored Ms.
Taylor with a parting gift.
The next meeting of the OCLC Users Coun­cil
is February 7-9, 1987 in Columbus, Ohio.
-Leslie Pearse is Users Council Coordina­tor
and Phil Schieber is Editor of the OCLC
Newsletter.
OCLC 1985/86 Annual Report:
another year of growth
OCLC and its member libraries experienced
another year of significant growth, according
to the OCLC 1985/86 Annuai Report issued in
October. The report notes that the OCLC On­line
Union Catalog contained 13,471,053 rec­ords
as of June 30, 1986, up from 12,019,791
last year. This bibliographic database of books,
serial publications, sound recordings, audi­ovisual
media, music scores and maps con­tinues
to be the largest in the world.
Other areas of growth include:
• OCLC service revenues totaled
$78,632,100. The previous year's revenues
were $69,069,000.
• Member libraries increased by 656 bring­ing
the total number of users to 6,738.
Dedicated terminals online reached 7,413,
an increase of 829.
• Member libraries cataloged online 24.6 mil­lion
books and other library materials.
OCLC generated 44 million records on
computer tape and printed 131 million cat­alog
cards for subscribers.
• Database location listings for library mate­rials
totaled 233 million, an increase of 32.1
million.
• OCLC had 70 agreements with libraries for
its LS/2000 local library system, an increase
of 27. Additionally, OCLC was supporting
146 LS/2000 libraries.
• OCLC members transacted more than 2. 7
million online interlibrary loans during the
fiscal year.
In his Letter from the President, OCLC
President and Chief Executive Officer
Rowland C. W. Brown noted that OCLC has
offered "the best system availability and aver­age
response time in OCLC's history.
Clearly ... OCLC's story is one of continued
growth, and of expanding service to libraries,
librarians and education."
Copies of the OCLC Annuai Report can be
obtained by writing to' OCLC 1985/86
Annual Report, 6565 Frantz Rd., Dublin, Ohio
43017-0702.
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OCLC LINK
Service:
New name for
intelligent
gateway system
OCLC announces a new name for its soon·
to-be released intelligent gateway system.
Formerly referred to as the UNISON Service,
this new reference service will now be called
the OCLC LINK Service.
According to Stephan Zinn, OCLC LINK
product manager, "This new name better
reflects OCLC's basic goal to provide librar­ies
with convenient and low-cost access to on­line
information offered by services other than
OCLC." The OCLC LINK Service "links"
searchers to online databases and information
systems. Users of the service can locate and
access information, as well as store, edit and
distribute that information online.
In announcing the name change, Mr. Zinn
emphasized that "the set of services OCLC
will offer has not changed. All information
you've received and read about the OCLC
UNISON Service applies to the OCLC LINK
Service." The name change was necessaryj he
explained, to eliminate confusion between
OCLC's UNISON Service and another organi­zation's
product called UNISON. The name
UNISON was used and registered with the
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office in the time
between OCLC's trademark search and its re­quest
for registration.
OCLC's intelligent gateway system was first
introduced at the ALA Conference in June
1986. The newly-named OCLC LINK Service
will help libraries more effectively find and ac­cess
online information by providing a gate­way
to online systems and databases.
A library can use its OCLC dedicated-fine
terminal, or any dial-up terminal to connect
to different databases. The databases of
WILSONLINE and VU/TEXT are currently
available through the OCLC LINK Service.
For more information on the OCLC LINK
Service, contact your network office. Infor­mation
is also available from Nancy Lensen­mayer,
OCLC LINK Training and Support
Specialist in the OCLC Marketing and User
Services Division.
OCLC NEWSLETTER November 1986
GOVERNOR ANNOUNCES NORTII CAROLINA INFORMATION NETWORK.
Secretary of Cultural Resources Patrie G. Dorsey and Assistant State Librarian
of North Carolina Howard F. McGinn look on as Governor James G. Martin
(right) announced the start-up of the North Carolina Information Network on
October 2, 1986, in Raleigh. '111is new statewide network is featured in the
OCLC Annual Report for 1985/86 and OCLC Newsletter No. 164.
Video news program
available from OCLC
19
The premier issue of "OCLC Report," a
video news magazine, is available from OCLC
via the ILL Subsystem.
the OCLC Newsletter, was the executive
producer.
The 20-minute program features a tour of
OCLC's card production facilities, a visit to the
Library of the American Museum of Natural
History, and reports on the fall Users Coun­cil
meeting and the conference, "Information
Resources for the Campus of the Future."
Host for the program is Deb Bohli, a librar­ian
and User Documentation Specialist at
OCLC. Richard Skopin, Video Communica­tions
Coordinator at OCLC, produced and di­rected
the program. Philip Schieber, Editor of
"OCLC Report" (Number I, November
1986) is available for you to view in your
library free of charge for 10 days via the OCLC
ILL Subsystem. To request the November
1986 issue of "OCLC Report" from the OCLC
Library (holding symbol, OCC) please use this
OCLC Control Number, #14699280, or write
OCLCat P.O. Box7777, Dublio, Ohio43017,
Videotapes are only provided on 'h -inch
VHS video cassettes, in the NTSC television
standard. The program may be purchased for
530. Please use the order form on page 20.
1987 OCLC System
availability schedule
Ibe OCLC Online System will be available from 6 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST on December
24, 1986, and December 31, 1986.
New Year's Day Jan. I (Thurs) System down; offices closed
M. L. King Day Jan. 19 (Mon) System up; offices closed
Presidents' Day Feb. 18 (Wed) System up; offices closed
Memorial Day May 25 (Mon) System down; offices closed
Independence Day July 3 (Fri) System down; offices closed
20 OCLC NEWSLETTER November 1986
OCLC Video Communications
VIDEOTAPE ORDER FORM
SEND TO OCLCSYMBOL l NETWORK AFFILIATION l DATE
ADDRESS ORDERS AND PAYMENT
(Non-North American Institutions see paragraph below•)
NONMEMBERS must prepay. Make checks payable to: OCLC Online Computer
Library Center, Inc.
Send payments to: OCLC, Dept. 630, P.O. Box ONB,
Columbus OH 43265 USA
OCLC MEMBERS can order by mail; through the Acquisitions Subsystem, NACN
27278; or through the ILL Subsystem, institution symbol ORO. MEMBERS may prepay
or be billed through network offices.
OCLC PRODUCT UNIT EXTENDED
CONTROL NO. CODE QUANTITY DESCRIPTION PRICES($) PRICES($)
14699280 831 OCLC Report, (No. 1 Nov. 1986); 20 minutes. 30.00
13898264 810 Spotlight OCLC, 1986-New York; 60 minutes, July 1986. 20.00
13446938 878 Strategic Planning for Information Services in the University, Dr. Robert Hayes;
80 minutes, March 1986. 20.00
13400320 879 Forum on Networking and the National Database, Dr. Richard McCoy, Rowland Brown,
Frank Grisham; 74 minutes, Febru_ary 1986. 20.00
13196641 874 Optical Disk Technology at OCLC; 23 minutes, February 1986. 17.00
12831924 868 Educating Professionals for Change, Dr. Robert Stueart; 35 minutes, October 1985. 17.00
12831883 848 Strategic Planning, Dr. David Gardner; 57 minutes, September 1985. 17.00
12832315 847 OCLC's Strategic Planning Challenges, Rowland Brown; 88 minutes, September 1985. 20.00
OCLC members send orders to be billed through networks to:
OCLC Documentation Departnient, MC 123 SUBTOTAL
6565 Frantz Road,
Dublin OH 43017·0702
ADD APPLICABLE SALES TAX +
• All tapes are recorded on 'V2" VHS videotape for the NTSC television standard. Non-North Ameri· NON-NORTH AMERICAN ORDERS
can countries requiring PAL or SECAM standard videotapes may order any tape for $144.00 which ADD 40% FOR SHIPPING AND HANDLING +
includes shipping and handling. Please write standard needed and price in "EXTENDED PRICE($)"
column. Send prepayment to OCLC, Dept. 630, P.O. Box ONB, Columbus OH 43265 USA.
TOTAL
Nov. 1986 BS1113212-12M, TPC
OCLC NEWSLETTER
Editor: Associate Editors: Editorial Assistant: Design: Typesetting:
Philip Schieber Judith Michaelson, Nita Dean Marifay Makssour Martin Hawk Bobbi Rittenhouse
OCLC Newsletter (ISSN:Ol63-898X) is published by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Incorporated, 6565 Frantz Road, Dublin, Ohio 43017-
0702. Contents of this Newsletter may be reproduced in whole or in part provided that credit is given. OCLC Newsletter is distributed free. Direct sub­scription
inquiries and changes of address to: Newsletter Subscriptions, OCLC, 6565 Frantz Road, Dublin, Ohio 43017-0702.
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